LED Bulb - Structure & Types

LED light bulb produces light using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LED lamps are significantly more energy-efficient than equivalent incandescent lamps and can be significantly more efficient than most fluorescent lamps.

                       

We can put LED bulbs in regular lighting fixtures. This includes fixtures that have previously used incandescent bulbs or CFL bulbs. After all, LED light bulbs are intended to replace old light bulb designs that are less energy efficient.

Be sure to choose an LED bulb with a base, shape, and wattage that is compatible with the fixture. As LED bulbs are being manufactured in every possible design, it should easy to find the right fit for your lamp or chandelier.

There are 2 types of LED Bulbs

Driver LED bulb

In these types of Bulb, a separate driver circuit is used for power supply. LEDs are mounted on separate chipset.

DOB ( Direct On Board )

These LED bulbs does not have a driver circuit, they have IC’s of power supply installed on LED chipset.

Construction of LED Bulb

Base

It is made up of a lightweight metal, such as aluminium, which screws into socket of the fixture. It helps in thermal potting; act as a heat control to help absorb the minimal heat produced to keep the bulb from getting hot. It is thermally conductive for power components

Housing

The circuit board heats up when energy passes through it, making it necessary for heat-conductive housing. This housing component is usually made with aluminum.

Heat Sink

The heat sink is the piece of metal the LED chips sit on. Heat needs to be conducted away from the LED and then cooled somehow – this is where the heat sink comes in. They provide the path for heat to travel from the LED light source to outside elements.

Circuit Board/Driver

The circuit board, also referred to as the driver, takes energy from the socket and tells the LEDs to turn on and off, dim and sometimes even change color.

LED drivers also protect LEDs from voltage or current fluctuations. A change in voltage could cause a change in the current being supplied to the LEDs.

LEDs are designed to run on low voltage (12-24V), but many can run on higher voltages (120-277V).

LED Chips

LED chips are the components that create the light. They are small yellow LED pieces attached to a piece of metal, referred to as the PCB (printed circuit board).

There are two main types of chip configurations:

·         Chip on Board (COB): is a single LED chip on PCB, creating a clean, uniform beam pattern

·         SMD: multiple LED chips placed on PCB

Lens/Optics

Due to the brightness of LEDs, a is used to evenly distribute the light. This helps the LED have the look and feel of traditional light bulbs. This piece is also usually made of plastic to reduce the risk of shattering.

Types of LED bulb fittings

The part of a light bulb that connects to the light fitting is sometimes known as the base of the bulb, but is more commonly known as the bulb cap. Different bulbs come with a variety of different cap types, denoted by one or more letters

E27 (Edison Screw)

In the case of E27 LED bulbs, the E stands for ‘Edison screw’ and the number denotes the diameter of the light fitting in millimetres. If your light fittings are designed to accommodate screw-in type bulbs, you must choose ‘E’ style light bulbs to match with those fittings (sometimes also called ‘ES’ for Edison screw). Be sure to pay attention to the diameter of the fitting when choosing the bulb size.

E27 bulbs are the most popular around, they measure 27mm, which is the same as a halogen or incandescent E27, so you can simply replace an LED E27 into an existing E27 fitting – it's completely hassle-free.

E14 (Small Edison Screw)

The screw on an E14 bulb is identical to an E27 but for one thing: it's smaller, measuring just 14mm in diameter, which is why they're often used in small fittings for decorative or purely practical purposes – such as chandeliers and appliances.

B22 (Bayonet)

In the case of the B22 bulb, the B stands for bayonet (this is the classic push and twist style of bulb cap) and the number denotes the diameter of the light fitting.

This means that where your light fittings require a push and twist style bayonet cap, you must ensure that you pay attention to the diameter of the fitting (in millimetres) in order to purchase the correct sized bulb.

B15 (Small Bayonet)

A smaller alternative to the large B22 bulb, the B15 bulb measures just 15mm in diameter to accommodate smaller fittings.

LED Reflector Bulbs

LED reflector bulbs are designed to deliver a low wattage (including 4W) energy saving wide angle beam, providing a more floodlit style of lighting where you need it most. This is achieved via the bulb’s curved reflector surface, also sometimes known as a ‘bulged reflector’ surface. LED reflector bulbs are available in different sizes, all of which allows you to choose the ideal lighting level and lighting type.

LED reflector bulbs come in a variety of wide beam angle bulb types. The three main types of reflector bulb are R50, R63, and R80. The R simply stands for reflector bulb, whereas the number denotes the bulb shape/size/diameter.

R50 Bulbs

It feature an E14 Edison screw fitting, but are shaped differently at the top to accommodate different lamp fixtures and uses.

 

R50 reflector bulbs provide the shallowest reflector bulb dome and therefore are more suited to downlighting.

R63/R80 Reflector Bulb

The R63/R80 is a reflector bulb designed with a protruding bulb-cap to accommodate different lighting fixtures, but features a standard E27 Edison base fitting.

R63 bulbs provide a more curved bulb shape and R80 delivers the widest angle of illumination, perfect for longer lifespan efficient lighting for use in larger domestic areas or workspaces.

What are the Benefits of LED Bulbs?

Energy-efficient: LED bulbs don’t lose nearly as much energy to heat as incandescent bulbs, so you get the same light with less wattage.

Safety: LEDs do not contain mercury like other bulbs such as CFLs or fluorescent lamps.

Long-lasting: Last up to 50,000 hours while incandescent bulbs burn out after 1,000 to 2,000 hours and CFLs after around 15,000.

Dimmable: These bulbs can be adjusted with LED-rated dimmers to enhance the lighting in your space.

Slow Failure: While many bulbs burn out in a flash, LEDs slowly fade, giving you extra time to find a new bulb.

LED bulbs are some of the most efficient lighting solutions available today and these designs are only growing more versatile and affordable.








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